Tianxia in Comparative Perspectives

<p><i>Tianxia</i>—conventionally translated as “all-under-Heaven”—in everyday Chinese parlance simply means “the world.” But <i>tianxia</i> is also a geopolitical term found in canonical writings that has a deeper historical and philosophical significance. Although there are many understandings of <i>tianxia </i>in this literature<i>,</i> interpretations within the Chinese process cosmology generally begin with an ecological understanding of intra-national relations that acknowledge the mutuality and interdependence of all economic and political activity.<br><br>This volume contextualizes the <i>tianxia</i> vision of geopolitical order within a variety of strategies drawn from a broad spectrum of cultures and peoples. The conversation among the contributors is guided by several central questions: Is <i>tianxia</i> the only model of cosmopolitanism? Are there ideas and ideals comparable to <i>tianxia</i> that exist in other cultures? What alternative perspectives of global justice have inspired Western, Indian, Islamic, Buddhist, and African cultural traditions? The fundamental premise here is that in order for a planetary <i>tianxia</i> system to be relevant and significant for the present time and for our vision of the future, it must acknowledge the plurality of moral ideals defining the world’s cultures while at the same time seek practical ways to formulate a minimalist morality that can provide the solidarity needed to bring the world’s people together.</p>