Internal Combustion Engines

 The field of internal combustion engines is so broad and expands so rapidly that it cannot be covered in a single book. However, the fundamentals as well as some of the recent developments have been given in this book so that the reader may become familiar not only with what has been done and how it is done, but also with why it is done in that way, and what could be done.  I have tried to explain the various topics right from fundamentals so that even a beginner can understand the details. Keeping this in mind, chapters 1 to 14 have been written so that the book will be useful to both the under-graduate and postgraduate students as well as to the practicing engineers.  To make the book a self contained unit, the second chapter contains the thermodynamic principles and combustion aspects which are essential for a proper understanding of the theory of IC engines.  The eighth chapter is exclusively devoted to engine emissions, their measurements, standards, controls and engine developments aimed to reduce pollution. The ninth chapter deals with the conventional and alternate fuels for IC engines. This includes fuel characteristics, rating of fuels and specifications. In each chapters, number of short question and answers were given.  At the end of each chapter number of questions are there for self assessment. Further, some of the important references have been listed for further study and self improvement.  The body of the text includes some of the recent developments in IC engines to kindle the research activity of the reader. To mention a few: Antidieseling and air induction swirl systems in carburetor; plasma jet and swirl chamber spark plugs; Helical inlet port and variable swirl inlet system; Hinomicromixing, reentrant and square cavity combustion chambers; Dual throat jet swirl chamber; Two spring injector; Poppet covered orifice fuel nozzle; Valve closing orifice nozzle; Electronic unit injector; Lean burn engines; Bifuel, dual fuel and multifuel engines; Low heat rejection engines; Booster scavenge ports; Yamaha power valve and torque induction systems; Air assisted scavenging; Motor cycle engine with elliptic piston.  At the end of the book, specification of number of engines, used in different fields have been given. This will enable the reader to compare their performance