Ouadi el-Jarf I

The pharaonic port of Wadi el-Jarf is composed of a set of settlements (storage caves, camps, maritime installations) that are spread over a distance of 5 km, from the foothills of the Gebel el-Galala el-Qibliya to the coast of the Gulf of Suez. This first volume presents the results of the excavations conducted in the coastal part of the site between 2012 and 2021. There, one can still see the remains of a large L-shaped pier, built to provide a shelter for the boats that frequented the harbor, as well as camps- some 200 m from the seashore-that were surely the dwelling places of the workers in charge of the on-site assembling and dismantling of the boats used for expeditions (stored in the caves). The abundant material collected during the excavations includes numerous seal impressions on clay showing the names of Snefru and Khufu, dating the occupation of the site to the two first kings of the 4th Dynasty, and an exceptional deposit in one of the camps of one hundred stone boat anchors, many of them still inscribed with the names of the boats to which they belonged. This gives us a glimpse of the last fleet that made use of the harbor c. 2600 BC.