Text Book of Experimental Pharmaceutical Analysis

 The book, Experimental Pharmaceutical Analysis is written for under graduate as well as postgraduate students of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Environmental Sciences, and Science. Pharmaceutical analysis is an important subject in these disciplines as these methods help decide the quality of a product. The book covers various analytical methods, starting from Classical methods of analysis such as Gravimetry and Volumetry to Spectroscopic advanced analytical methods. Gravimetry covers few experiments explaining calculations. In volumetry, all four chemical reactions with specified examples are covered. Acid-base titrimetry covers direct, back and indirect titrations. Complexometry covers suitable examples for soluble and insoluble complexes. In soluble complexometry, methods using EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraaceticacid) the popular complex forming agent and various metals are explained using direct or back titration.  In insoluble complexometry or precipitation titration, Silver nitrate, a common precipitating agent, is used for determination of halogens. Redox titrations covers permangnatometry, iodimetry, and iodometry. All experiments are explained with chemical reactions & conversion factors for quantification of analyte. Instrumental methods covers Electrochemistry. The use of instruments instead of indicators increases accuracy & preciseness of analysis. Using principle of Ohms Law, three electrical parameters are corelated with analyte concentration in all stochiometric reactions. In Potentiometry, pHmetry the parameter for quantification is potential or potential converted to pH by operational defination of pH, potential is directly proportional to concentration of analyte. One more method is conductometry in which conductance is measured for quantification of analyte. In Spectroscopy, both absorption and emission methods are covered for molecular and atomic analysis. Basic colorimetry discusses choice of proper filter with suitable examples. Ultra-Violet Spectroscopy is covered with many experiments, such as calibration of spectrophotometer, effect of sustituents on benzene chromophore etc. In Molecular Emission Spectroscopy, Photoluminescence is covered with suitable practicals.  In Flame emission, or atomic emission, spectroscopy experiments are given with graphical representation. Two methods such as Refractometry and Polarimetry, in which physical parameters like refractive index and optical rotations are measured for detection and determination, are discussed with suitable experiments. Separation methods in analysis such as Chromatography are covered with all simple experiments, of paper, thin layer, column and ion exchage chromatography. In advanced analysis of separation, high performance liquid chromatography and high performance thin layer chromatography are elucidated with suitable examples. In Thermal Analysis, differential scannning calorimetry is explained with all graphical representation. The book describes in detail the Stochiometric Calculations, which are important for every experiment in chemical analysis.  Wherever required, the experiments are explained with suitable graphical representation. Practical concepts for all analytical methods are elaborated in simplified ways. The book also covers official methods of analysis mentioned in various pharmacopoeias. The current regulatory requirements as per International Organization for Standards are also introduced